New wild cat species identified in Bolivia's cloud forests

The tiny tiger cat, named Leopardus tilcayo, is the first new living cat species formally described in more than a century.

Researchers identify Leopardus tilcayo, a tiny wild cat found in Bolivia's Yungas cloud forest. Photo: Screengrab/Reuters, Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark.
2 min read  |  Published: 19 Sep 2026

A diminutive wild cat that inhabits Bolivia's cloud forest has been identified as a previously unknown species, marking the first time a new living cat species has been formally named and described in more than a century.

The cat, called Tilcayo by local communities, is part of a group called tiger cats found across much of South America. It was found in Bolivia's lush Yungas forest, a mountainous region where forests are often covered by clouds and surrounded by high humidity, according to researchers.

It measures about 18 inches (46 cm) long and weighs around 3 pounds (1.4 kg), making it smaller than the average domestic cat.

Researchers used genetic data to confirm that the cat is a new species and gave it the scientific name Leopardus tilcayo, retaining its local name.

Little is yet known about the cat's biology and lifestyle. Remains of small rodents in scat samples suggest they may form part of its diet, while camera-trap evidence indicates it could be more active at night, researchers said.

Tiger cats are so-called cryptic species, meaning they cannot easily be distinguished merely by appearance, said evolutionary biologist and study co-lead author Jonas Lescroart of the University of Antwerp in Belgium.

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